The Blood Grouping (ABO + Rh) test, also known as blood typing, is a laboratory test that determines an individual’s blood type based on two key systems: the ABO blood group system and the Rh (Rhesus) factor. The ABO system classifies blood into four types: A, B, AB, and O, while the Rh system identifies whether the blood is Rh-positive (+) or Rh-negative (−). Together, these systems define the eight primary human blood types.
Indication of the Test
Blood grouping is a critical test in the following scenarios:
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Before blood transfusions, to ensure compatibility between donor and recipient
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During pregnancy, especially to detect Rh incompatibility between mother and fetus
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Prior to organ transplants, to prevent immune reactions
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For patients undergoing major surgery
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For issuing blood donor cards or maintaining blood bank records
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As part of routine antenatal screening
Patient Preparation
No fasting or special preparation is required for this test. It can be performed at any time of the day.
Procedure
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Sample Type: Venous blood
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Volume: 2–5 mL
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Collection Tube: EDTA or plain tube
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A blood sample is drawn from a vein in your arm by a trained healthcare professional.
Testing Steps:
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Forward Typing (Cell Typing): Your red blood cells are mixed with anti-A and anti-B antibodies to detect the presence of A or B antigens.
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Reverse Typing (Serum Typing): Your plasma is mixed with known A and B red cells to detect anti-A or anti-B antibodies.
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Rh Typing: Your red blood cells are tested for the presence or absence of the Rh antigen.
Clumping (agglutination) of cells in any of these steps indicates a reaction between antigens and antibodies, helping to determine your exact blood type.
Interpretation of Results
| Blood Type | Antigens Present | Antibodies Present | Can Receive Blood From |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | A | Anti-B | A, O |
| B | B | Anti-A | B, O |
| AB | A and B | None | A, B, AB, O (universal recipient) |
| O | None | Anti-A and Anti-B | O only |
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If Rh+, you can receive Rh+ or Rh- blood.
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If Rh-, you can receive only Rh- blood.
Type O negative individuals are considered universal donors, while type AB positive individuals are universal recipients.
Turnaround Time
Results are typically available within 2 to 4 hours, allowing for timely clinical decisions.Your Doctor will offer instruction based on the interpretation.
How to Order Blood Grouping(ABO + RH)
Click the ‘Order Test’ button to add the Blood Grouping (ABO + Rh) test to your cart.
Visit our diagnostic center in Kilimani, Nairobi to have your blood sample collected.
