Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Test Description
The Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Profile is a blood panel designed to detect autoantibodies associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, a chronic autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues. This test evaluates several markers, including antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA), anti-Smith (Sm) antibodies, and complement proteins (C3 and C4)—each playing a significant role in both diagnosis and disease monitoring.
SLE disproportionately affects women, particularly those between the ages of 20 and 40, with a female-to-male ratio of approximately 9:1. Despite the challenges posed by the disease, early detection and comprehensive care can significantly improve long-term outcomes.
SLE is a multisystem disease, characterized by a highly variable course and a wide range of symptoms. It can affect the skin, joints, kidneys, heart, lungs, and nervous system. Symptoms may appear gradually or suddenly and range from mild to life-threatening.
Indications for Testing
The Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) profile test is recommended for:
- Patients exhibiting systemic symptoms such as joint pain, unexplained fatigue, rash, or signs of organ involvement
- Individuals with a family history of autoimmune diseases
- Monitoring known SLE cases for disease progression or treatment response
Common Clinical Features
- Facial Rash: A butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose
- Persistent Fatigue: Often unrelated to activity level
- Fever and Malaise: Low-grade fevers are common during flares
- Arthritis: Joint pain, stiffness, and swelling, especially in the hands and knees
- Photosensitivity: Rashes triggered or worsened by sunlight
- Kidney Involvement: Often presenting as proteinuria or hematuria (lupus nephritis)
- Neuropsychiatric Manifestations: Seizures, headaches, mood changes, or cognitive dysfunction
- Cardiopulmonary Issues: Including pericarditis and pleurisy
Diagnostic Components of the SLE Profile
Diagnosis involves correlating clinical features with laboratory findings. The SLE profile includes:
1. Blood Tests
- ANA (Antinuclear Antibody): Highly sensitive; positive in >98% of SLE patients
- Anti-dsDNA and Anti-Smith Antibodies: Highly specific for SLE diagnosis
- Complement Proteins (C3 and C4): Decreased levels are associated with disease activity and lupus nephritis
2. Urinalysis
- Assess for protein or blood in urine, often signaling kidney involvement
3. Tissue Biopsies
- Skin or kidney biopsies may be recommended when clinical evidence of organ involvement is present.
- Patient Tip: If symptoms are consistent with autoimmune disease, ask for an ANA test and consider a referral to a rheumatologist.
Preparation and Collection
- Fasting is not required
- Wear comfortable clothing with short sleeves to facilitate blood collection
- Inform your healthcare provider of any medications or relevant medical history
Typical Reference Values
Reference ranges may vary slightly between laboratories. General guidelines include:
- ANA: Negative (<1:40)
- Anti-dsDNA: Negative (<10 IU/mL)
- C3: 90–180 mg/dL
- C4: 10–40 mg/dL
Interpretation should be made in the context of clinical presentation and additional lab findings.
Treatment Considerations
Although there is no cure for SLE, treatment is focused on managing symptoms, preventing organ damage, and reducing flares:
- Hydroxychloroquine: First-line treatment to reduce flares and inflammation
- Corticosteroids: Short-term use for acute flares
- Immunosuppressants: Such as azathioprine or mycophenolate for moderate to severe cases
- Biologic Therapies: Belimumab and others target immune dysregulation
Lifestyle measures such as sun protection, anti-inflammatory diets, and stress management are strongly recommended to reduce flare risk and maintain remission.
Turnaround Time
Results are typically available within 1 to 3 business days, depending on the laboratory’s processing capabilities.
Order Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) profile in kenya
Please click the ‘Order Test’ button and put the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Profile in your cart.
You are welcome to visit our laboratory in Kilimani, Nairobi.
This will initiate the process for obtaining your test
