Malaria PCR Test
The malaria PCR test is a molecular diagnostic method used to detect and identify Plasmodium species responsible for malaria infection. The test has high sensitivity and specificity, making it a valuable tool for diagnosing malaria, particularly in cases where traditional methods such as microscopy may fail.
The malaria PCR test can detect low levels of parasitemia (sub-microscopic parasitemia), identify mixed infections (multiple species co-infections), and differentiate between various Plasmodium species. The malaria PCR test detects all Plasmodium species (P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi).
Real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) allows for the amplification and quantification of specific DNA sequences associated with malaria parasites.
Indications for Testing
The malaria PCR test may be recommended in the following scenarios:
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Persistent fever in patients with recent travel to malaria-endemic regions
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Suspected malaria with negative RDT or microscopy
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Species confirmation before initiating radical cure (e.g., primaquine for P. vivax/P. ovale)
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Monitoring treatment response in clinical trials or severe cases
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Public health surveillance and resistance mapping.
Patient Preparation/Instructions
Preparation:
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No fasting or special preparation is required.
Instructions:
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Inform the healthcare provider about recent antimalarial medications, travel history, and prior malaria episodes.
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A routine venous blood draw (1–2 mL in EDTA tube) is performed.
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Minimal side effects may occur, such as slight bruising or discomfort at the puncture site.
Test Procedure
- Sample: 1–2 mL EDTA blood (venous).
- Process:
- DNA extraction → PCR amplification of parasite genes (18S rRNA, cytochrome b).
- Electrophoresis or probes detect species.
- Turnaround: 24–72 hours (varies by lab).
Key Advantage: Detects <5 parasites/μL (microscopy misses <50–100/μL).
Interpreting Results
- Positive: Confirms active infection; report includes species.
- P. vivax/ovale: Requires primaquine for hypnozoites.
- P. falciparum: Monitor for severity/drug resistance.
- Negative: Rules out malaria if clinical suspicion is low.
False Negatives: Rare (if PCR inhibitors present).
PCR comparison with alternative tests
| Method | Pros | Limitations |
|---|---|---|
| Microscopy | Gold standard, quantifies parasites | Requires expertise; misses low parasitemia |
| RDTs | Fast, easy to use | Less sensitive; can’t speciate reliably |
| PCR | >95% sensitivity/specificity, species-specific | Costly; longer turnaround (hours–days) |
Ideal Use Cases:
- Suspected malaria with negative RDT/microscopy but persistent symptoms.
- Confirming species (critical for P. vivax/ovale needing radical cure).
- Epidemiology (tracking outbreaks, drug resistance).
Turnaround Time
Results from the real-time PCR test for malaria are usually available within 10 to 14 days, depending on laboratory processing workloads.
How To Order Malaria PCR Test
Please click the ‘Order Test’ button and put the Malaria PCR Test in your cart.
You are welcome to visit our laboratory in Kilimani, Nairobi. This will initiate the process for obtaining your test.
