Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) Test
The Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) Test detects the presence of HSV-1 antibodies (IgG/IgM) or the virus itself through blood, swab, or PCR testing. HSV-1 primarily causes oral herpes (cold sores) but can also lead to genital herpes through oral-genital contact.
The clinical manifestations of HSV infections vary significantly:
- HSV Type 1: Primarily associated with orolabial infections (cold sores) but can also cause genital infections, especially in certain populations.
- HSV Type 2: Mainly responsible for urogenital infections, predominantly affecting adults.
Purpose of the Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) Test
The HSV-1 test is used to:
- Confirm active or past HSV-1 infection.
- Diagnose oral or genital herpes outbreaks.
- Screen pregnant women (risk of neonatal herpes).
- Differentiate between HSV-1 & HSV-2 (genital herpes)
When to Get Tested
Consider the Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) Test if:
- You have cold sores, blisters, or ulcers on the mouth/face.
- Your partner has HSV-1 or symptoms.
- You experience genital sores (possible HSV-1 via oral sex).
- You’re pregnant or planning pregnancy (risk to newborn).
How is the HSV-1 (Herpes Simplex Virus-1) Test Performed?
The HSV-1 test can be performed using blood, swab, or PCR testing, depending on whether you have active symptoms or need antibody detection. Here’s how each method works:
1. Blood Test (IgG/IgM Antibody Test)
Used for: Detecting past or recent HSV-1 infection (even without symptoms).
Procedure:
- A small blood sample is taken from a vein in your arm.
- The sample is sent to a lab to check for HSV-1 antibodies.
- IgM antibodies → Suggest a recent or active infection.
- IgG antibodies → Indicate a past infection (virus is dormant).
- Results are usually available in 1-3 days.
Best for:
- People with no visible sores but possible exposure.
- Determining if you’ve ever been infected.
2. Swab Test (Viral Culture or PCR Test)
Used for: Confirming an active herpes outbreak.
Procedure:
- A healthcare provider swabs fluid from a fresh blister or sore.
- The sample is tested using
- Viral culture (grows the virus in a lab—slower, less common).
- PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) test (detects viral DNA – most accurate for active infections).
- Results take 1-5 days, depending on the lab.
Best for:
- People with active cold sores or genital sores.
- Diagnosing a first outbreak.
3. Lumbar Puncture (Rare—For Severe Cases)
Used for: Testing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) if HSV-1 is suspected in the brain (e.g., herpes encephalitis).
Procedure:
- A needle collects fluid from the lower spine.
- PCR testing checks for HSV-1 DNA.
- Done only in hospital settings for severe infections.
Clinical Conditions Associated with HSV
- Gingivostomatitis: Inflammation of the gums and mouth.
- Keratitis: infection of the cornea, potentially leading to vision loss.
- Encephalitis: severe brain infection.
- Aseptic meningitis: inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.
- Neonatal Herpes: A Serious infection in newborns, often transmitted during delivery.
- Genital Tract Infections: Commonly caused by HSV type 2.
Preparation Before the Test
- No fasting is required for blood tests.
- For swab tests, avoid antiviral creams 24 hours before.
- Inform your doctor if you’re taking antiviral medications
Typical Reference Values
- Negative Result: Indicates no detectable IgG antibodies for HSV types 1 or 2.
- Positive Result: Indicates previous exposure to either HSV type.
Interpretation of Results
The presence of IgG antibodies indicates previous exposure to either HSV type but does not confirm an active infection. This test should not be used as a primary diagnostic tool for acute infections.
- Negative – No infection detected (but false negatives possible early on).
- IgG Positive – Past infection; virus is dormant.
- IgM Positive – Likely a new or active outbreak.
Cautions
- Testing too early after exposure may yield negative results; a repeat test may be necessary after 14 to 21 days.
- IgG testing cannot differentiate between remote infections and current diseases.
This information is crucial for understanding HSV’s impact on health and guiding appropriate clinical management.
Who Might Need the Test?
- People with recurrent cold sores.
- Sexual partners of HSV-1-positive individuals.
- Pregnant women with no known HSV-1 status.
- Those with genital symptoms but unclear cause.
Turnaround Time for Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) Test
- Determine previous exposure to HSV types 1 and 2.
- Differentiate between HSV type 1 and type 2 infections.
- Assess risks during pregnancy related to congenital HSV disease.
Results are typically available within 1 to 3 days after specimen collection.
Frequently Asked Questions
- Can HSV-1 cause genital herpes?
Yes—through oral sex, HSV-1 can infect the genital area - How accurate is the blood test?
IgG tests are ~95% accurate after 12 weeks from exposure. - Can I test negative but still have HSV-1?
Yes, if tested too soon (antibodies take 2-12 weeks to develop). - Is there a cure for HSV-1?
No, but antivirals (e.g., acyclovir) can reduce outbreaks. - Should I get tested if I have no symptoms?
Only if you’re at high risk (e.g., partner has HSV-1).
Order Herpes Simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) Test in kenya
Please click the ‘Order Test’ button and put the Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) Test in your cart.
You are welcome to visit our laboratory in Kilimani, Nairobi.
This will initiate the process for obtaining your test