The Blood Grouping (ABO + Rh) test, also known as blood typing, is a laboratory test that determines an individual’s blood type based on two key systems: the ABO blood group system and the Rh (Rhesus) factor. The ABO system classifies blood into four types: A, B, AB, and O, while the Rh system identifies whether the blood is Rh-positive (+) or Rh-negative (−). Together, these systems define the eight primary human blood types.
Indication of the Test
Blood grouping is a critical test in the following scenarios:
Before blood transfusions, to ensure compatibility between donor and recipient
During pregnancy, especially to detect Rh incompatibility between mother and fetus
Prior to organ transplants, to prevent immune reactions
For patients undergoing major surgery
For issuing blood donor cards or maintaining blood bank records
As part of routine antenatal screening
Patient Preparation
No fasting or special preparation is required for this test. It can be performed at any time of the day.
Procedure
Sample Type: Venous blood
Volume: 2–5 mL
Collection Tube: EDTA or plain tube
A blood sample is drawn from a vein in your arm by a trained healthcare professional.
Testing Steps:
Forward Typing (Cell Typing): Your red blood cells are mixed with anti-A and anti-B antibodies to detect the presence of A or B antigens.
Reverse Typing (Serum Typing): Your plasma is mixed with known A and B red cells to detect anti-A or anti-B antibodies.
Rh Typing: Your red blood cells are tested for the presence or absence of the Rh antigen.
Clumping (agglutination) of cells in any of these steps indicates a reaction between antigens and antibodies, helping to determine your exact blood type.
Interpretation of Results
| Blood Type | Antigens Present | Antibodies Present | Can Receive Blood From |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | A | Anti-B | A, O |
| B | B | Anti-A | B, O |
| AB | A and B | None | A, B, AB, O (universal recipient) |
| O | None | Anti-A and Anti-B | O only |
If Rh+, you can receive Rh+ or Rh- blood.
If Rh-, you can receive only Rh- blood.
Type O negative individuals are considered universal donors, while type AB positive individuals are universal recipients.
Turnaround Time
Results are typically available within 2 to 4 hours, allowing for timely clinical decisions.Your Doctor will offer instruction based on the interpretation.
How to Order Blood Grouping(ABO + RH)
Click the ‘Order Test’ button to add the Blood Grouping (ABO + Rh) test to your cart.
Visit our diagnostic center in Kilimani, Nairobi to have your blood sample collected.
